How to Order
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2226 Colonial Parkway NE
Massillon, Ohio 44646
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Notes
Epigraph
Paul Simon, Bridge over Troubled Water. Columbia
Records S 63699, 1968, vinyl lp.
ALABAMA
1. Jason Sumich, “It’s All Legal Until You
Get Caught: Moonshining in the Southern Appalachians,” Department of
Anthropology. May 25, 2017.
https://anthro.appstate.edu/research/field-schools/ethnographic-and-linguistic-field-schools/summer-2007-alleghany-county/its.
2. M.L. Nichols, “How to Prepare Syrup
for Market,” Dothan Eagle, Friday afternoon ed., April 21, 1922.
3. Grabianowski, Ed., “How Moonshine Works,” How Stuff Works.
https://science.howstuffworks.com/
innovation/edible-innovations/moonshine.htm#pt2 (accessed July 28, 2021).
4. Donald Smith, telephone interview
with the author, October 9, 2018.
5. Ibid.
6. 1910 United States
Census. Eva Precinct, Morgan County, Alabama. digital image s.v. “Joseph J.
Smith,” Ancestry.com.
7. Evansville City Directory, Volume 57. (Evansville: Bennett
Directory Co., 1926), 456.
8. Ibid.
9. “No First Enlistment Recruits to Be
Needed in Navy After July 1st,” Montgomery Times, March 7,
1923, 1, Newspapers.com: Montgomery Times.
10. “Two Young Men Accepted into Navy
Here Today,” Montgomery Times, February 3, 1923, 7, Newspapers.com:
Montgomery Times.
11. World War I draft registration
card.
12. United States Customs, Application
for Seaman’s Certificate of American Citizenship. United States Secretary
of State. No. 17999, New York, NY: United States Congress, 1796. paper, (July
18, 1919).
13. Department of the
Navy service record, Howard Richard Smith, Seaman First Class, Naval Air
Station; Lakehurst, New Jersey. paper, (December 10, 1924).
14. Ibid.
15. Jesse Smith to Bureau
of Navigation, June 9, 1923.
VIRGINIA
1. M. C.
Farrington, “One Century Ago: Building
Naval Airpower’s First Permanent Home in Hampton Roads,” Hampton Roads Naval
Museum, http://hamptonroadsnavalmuseum.blogspot.com
/2018/08/one-century-ago-building-naval.html.
2. John W. Kennedy, “The Naval Training
Station at Newport: A Place in U.S. Naval History,” The Online Review of
Rhode Island History (October 28, 2016), http://smallstatebighistory.com/
naval-training-station-newport-place-u-s-naval-history/.
3. Ibid.
4. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
NEW JERSEY
1. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
2. Thomas M. Williams, Moored to the Mast: The U.S.
Navy’s Lighter-than-air Program at Lakehurst, New Jersey. (Manahawkin, NJ:
Ocean County Historical Society, 1996), 4.
3. Tyler Rogoway, “The Navy’s Giant
Hangar That Housed the Hindenburg Hides a Mock Aircraft Carrier Inside,” The
Drive, January 18, 2018.
https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/17748/the-navys-giant-hangar-that-housed-the-hindenburg-hides-a-mock-aircraft-carrier-inside.
4. M. Ernest Marshall, Rear Admiral
Herbert V. Wiley: A Career in Airships and Battleships (Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, 2019), 33.
5. Ibid., 73.
6. Ibid., 35-36.
7. Dan Grossman, “Airships, Dirigibles,
Zeppelins, & Blimps: What’s the Difference?” Airships.net,
https://www.airships.net/dirigible/ (accessed May 22, 2019).
8. Marshall, 38.
9. Williams, 6.
10. Marshall, 38.
11. Ibid.
12. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
13. War Department Information film,
“Lighter Than Air History: Rigid Airships,” YouTube video, 41:00.
August 30, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es3EEEO24E4.
14. Department of the Navy service record,
H.R. Smith.
15. Charles Cummings, “An Age of
Speakeasies, Rum-Running, Dutch and ‘Longie’,” ImpressM, March 12, 1998.
https://knowingnewark.npl.org/an-age-of-speakeasies-rum-running-dutch-and-longie/.
16. “ZR-1 Chief Scores Dry
Enforcement,” Asbury Park Press, March 7, 1924, 1, Newspapers.com:
Asbury Park Press.
17. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
18. “ZR-1 Chief,” 1.
19.
“ZR-1 Chief,” 1-4.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. “Jayne Asks for Formal Charges,” Asbury
Park Press, March 11, 1924, 1, Newspapers.com: Asbury Park Press.
23. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
24. “Five All-Star Bouts at Branch,” Asbury
Park Press, June 30, 1924, 15, Newspapers.com: Asbury Park Press.
25. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
26. Ibid.
27. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
28. Marshall, 50.
29. Junius B. Wood, “Seeing America
from the ‘Shenandoah’: An Account of the Record-Making 9,000-Mile Flight
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Coast and Return in the Navy’s American-Built
American-Manned Airship,” National Geographic 67, no. 1 (January 1925),
1-2.
30. Ibid, 6-13.
31. Ibid, 25.
32. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
33. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
34. Dayton Daily News, October
7, 1924, 1. Newspapers.com: Dayton Daily News.
35. “Lakehurst Prepares for ZR-3;
German Crew to Stay for Tests,” Asbury Park Press, October 13, 1924, 1.
Newspapers.com: Asbury Park Press.
36. “Zeppelin Hangar,” Central New
Jersey Home News, October 15, 1924, 4, Newspapers.com: The Central New
Jersey Home News.
37. “Giant Zeppelin Makes Graceful
Landing Before Airdrome Doors,” Asbury Park Press, October 15, 1924, 1,
Newspapers.com: Asbury Park Press.
38. Wood, 45-46.
39. “Local Folks in Lakehurst Jam,” Morning
Post, October 27, 1924, 1, Newspapers.com: The Morning Post (Camden, NJ).
40. Department of the Navy service
record, H.R. Smith.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
INDIANA
1. “Map of Principal Transportation Lines of the United
States,” The Library of Congress, published 1921, https://www.loc.gov/
resource/g3701p.ct002021/?r=0.214,0.263,0.786,0.322,0.
2. “Hobo Terminology,” Original Hobo
Nickel Society, http://www.hobonickels.org/terms.htm (accessed May 30, 2020).
3. Errol Lincoln Uys, Riding the
Rails: Teenagers on the Move during the Great Depression (New York: TV
Books, 1999), 66.
4. Ibid, 116-18.
5. Howard Richard Smith, In-person interview with the author,
Akron, Ohio, 1978.
6. Jeffs4653, “Erie
Railroad System Map,” Flickr, November 14, 2010.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeffs4653/5173503248 (accessed May 30, 2020).
7. Evansville City Directory, 456.
8. “Joseph J. Smith Called by Death,” Albany-Decatur
Daily, January 3, 1927, 1, NewspaperArchive.com: Albany Decatur Daily.
9. Harold B. Morgan, Home
Town History: Planes, Trains, Automobiles & Weather Disasters in
Evansville, Indiana & the Tri-state, (Evansville, IN: M.T. Publishing
Company, 2017), 20, 25.
10. Feel the History
film, “Evansville’s L&N Depot – Gone but Not Forgotten,” YouTube video,
8:55. November 6, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF7QucPeEaE.
11. Ed
Klingler, “The Graham Brothers,” The
Evansville Boneyard. Evansville’s Intersection of Art, History, People,
Culture, and Ideas, Winter 2014.
http://web.usi.edu/boneyard/graham_brothers.htm.
12. John A. Heitmann and Rebecca H.
Morales, Stealing Cars (Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 2014), 24.
13. Ibid, 28.
14. John Heitmann, “The 1919 Dyer Act
and the Curbing of Automobile Theft,” January 01, 1970,
https://automobileandamericanlife.
blogspot.com/2014/12/the-1919-dyer-act-and-curbing-of.html.
15. Heitmann and Morales, 27-28.
16. “Confessions of an Automobile
Thief,” Your Car: A Magazine of Romance, Fact, and Fiction, June 1925,
34-36.
17. Donald Smith, telephone interview,
October 9, 2018.
18. Heitmann and Morales, 22-24.
19. Evansville City Directory,
456.
20. Donald Smith, telephone interview,
October 9, 2018.
21. Dan Grossman, “ZR-1 U.S.S. Shenandoah,” Airships.net,
https://www.airships.net/us-navy-rigid-airships/uss-shenandoah/ (accessed May
31, 2020).
22. “Seattle District Has Light Snow,” Spokane
Chronicle, December 22, 1926, 11, Newspapers.com: Spokane Chronicle.
23. “13 Are Dead in Southern Flood
Area,” Palladium-Item, December 28, 1926, 1, Newspapers.com: Palladium
Item (Richmond, Indiana).
24. “Property Damage of 3 Million is
Taken by Flood,” Montgomery Advertiser, December 30, 1926, 1-2.
Newspapers.com: Montgomery Advertiser.
25. “Traffic Checked in Evansville by
Ice Fingers,” Evansville Courier & Press, December 26, 1926, 1,
Newsbank.Inc: The Sunday Courier and Journal.
26. Ibid.
27. “Lines Damaged by Snowstorm,” Jackson
County Banner, December 29, 1926, 1, Newspapers.com: Jackson County Banner
(Brownstown, Indiana).
ALABAMA
1. Joseph Joiner Smith, Certificate of Death, 1 Jan. 1927, File
no. 1688, State of Alabama—Bureau of Vital Statistics, copy in possession of author.
2. “Joseph J. Smith Called by Death,” 1.
3. “Mount Tabor Cemetery in Hartselle, Alabama - Find A
Grave Cemetery.” Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/
cemetery/24749/mount-tabor-cemetery/photo.
4. 1920 United States Census. Somerville Precinct, Morgan
County, Alabama. digital image s.v. “Dollie Mae Martin,” Ancestry.com.
5. “Whitecapping,” Wikipedia, April 17,
2020, https://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whitecapping.
6. “McCall Arrives in
Birmingham for Lash Cash,” Anniston Star, September 7, 1927, 1,
Newspapers.com: Anniston Star.
7. Allen R.
Coggins, Tennessee Tragedies: Natural, Technological, and Societal Disasters
in the Volunteer State. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2011),
218-219.
8. “Mistrial Ends
Court Hearing at Hartselle,” Decatur Daily, May 3, 1929, 1, Morgan
County Archives: The Decatur Daily.
9. “State Ready
for Trial in Fergueson [sic] Flogging Case,” Decatur Daily, October
24, 1927, 1, Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
10. “Ten Men Now
Are Held in Flogging Case,” Pensacola News Journal, September 18, 1927,
14, Newspapers.com: The Pensacola News Journal.
11. “Five Flogging
Charges Cause Bonds,” Decatur Daily, September 17, 1927, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Decatur Daily.
12. Ibid.
13. “State Ready
for Trial in Fergueson [sic] Flogging Case.”
14. “Lash Witness
Aid Steps Will Be Considered,” Anniston Star, October 22, 1927, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Anniston Star.
15. “Ten Men Now
Are Held in Flogging Case.”
16. “State Ready
for Trial in Fergueson [sic] Flogging Case.”
17. Ibid.
18. “Governor
Graves Orders Help for Charlie C. McCall,” Decatur Daily, October 22,
1927, 1, Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
19. “‘Nothing to
Say,’ Reiterates Graves on Klan Letter Expose,” Montgomery Advertiser, November
30, 1927, 1, Newspapers.com: The Montgomery Times.
20. “Luverne
Rounding Up Crenshaw Floggers,” Opp Weekly News, October 20, 1927, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Opp Weekly News.
21. “17 Arrests
Made by Sheriff Tatum in Flogging Cases,” Montgomery Advertiser, October
17, 1927, 1, Newspapers.com: The Montgomery Advertiser.
22. “‘Nothing to
Say,’ Reiterates Graves on Klan Letter Expose.”
23. “A Gathering Storm,” The Roaring
‘20s: The Decade That Changed America, April 19, 2020, 13, Time
Incorporated Books: Kensington Media Group.
24. “Whitecapping
Trials Postponed Until Dec.,” Montgomery Advertiser, November 5, 1927,
3, Newspapers.com: The Montgomery Advertiser.
25. “State Ready
for Trial in Fergueson [sic] Flogging Case.”
26. “Flogging
Cases to…Go Over into 1928,” Decatur Daily, December 7, 1927, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
27. “Sixth Man
Taken: Howard Smith Goes to County Jail After Capture,” Decatur Daily, December
6, 1927, 1, Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
28. “Howard Smith, Alleged Flogger, Is
Arrested.” Hartselle Enterprise, December 8, 1927, 1.
29. “Morgan Countians
Face Assault Case.” Decatur Daily, December 7, 1927, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Decatur Daily.
30. Ibid.
31. Behind the
Picket Fence…History Lives. (Mooresville, AL: Historic Mooresville, 2018),
19, 28.
32. “Planter Fired
on When He Tries to Enforce Posting,” Decatur Daily, September 8, 1927,
1, Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
33. Ibid.
34. State of Alabama
vs. Howard Smith, 70 X 8 – Grand Jury Circuit Court – State of Alabama
(Limestone County Court 1928).
36. State of
Alabama vs. Howard Smith.
37. Ibid.
38. “Flogging
Cases to…Go Over into 1928.”
INDIANA
1. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928), 8009 Indictment for the Violation of the
National Motor Vehicle Theft Act – United States District Court (Northeast
Division of the Northern District of Alabama 1928).
2. 1920 United
States Census. Pigeon Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“Adolph Istwan,” Ancestry.com.
3. American
Publishing Company, “Historic Map of the City of Evansville, Indiana,” 1888,
Historic Evansville. http://www.historicevansville.com/images/maps/1888.jpg
(accessed June 3, 2020).
4. John Heitmann,
“Grand Theft Auto, and Gone in Sixty Seconds: Auto Theft during the 1920s and
1930s,” The Automobile and American Life, August 14, 2009.
https://automobileandamericanlife.blogspot.com
/2009/08/grand-theft-auto-and-gone-in-sixty.html.
5. Chuck Stinnett,
“1930s Brought Major Improvements to U.S. 41,” Evansville Courier &
Press, January 8, 2015, 1-2, USA Today Network: Evansville Courier &
Press.
6. Board of
Commissioners Vanderburgh County, Ferry License and Fee Schedule, Dixie
Bee Line Ferry Co. Inc, (Evansville, IN: Vanderburgh County Commissioners,
1929), paper.
7. “History of the
Evansville Police Department,” http://www.evansvillepolice.com/~evansvil/sites/default
/files/downloads/epd_history_unabridged.pdf (accessed June 3, 2020).
8. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
9. Joe Engler,
“Old St Mary’s Hospital,” Vanderburgh County Historical Society, May 17, 2017.
http://www.vchshistory.org/2017/05/ 16/ old-st-marys-hospital/.
10. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
11. 1920 United
States Census, Perry Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“Edward Eberhart,” Ancestry.com.
12. Heitmann and Morales, p. 28.
13. Curator, Henry
Ford Museum of American Innovation, Interview with the author, June 12, 2019.
14. 1920 United
States Census, “Edward Eberhart.”
15. “History of
the Evansville Police Department,” 19.
16. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
ALABAMA
1. “Howard Smith is Placed in Jail in
Madison County,” Decatur Daily, April 9, 1928, 1, Newspapers.com: The
Decatur Daily.
2. Royce Peterson, “The
1926 – 1927 Improved Model T Fords Part 1,” Model T Ford Fix, March 07, 2019.
https://modeltfordfix.com /the-1926-1927-improved-model-t-fords-part-1/.
3. 1930 United
States Census. Hartselle, Morgan County, Alabama. digital image s.v. “Pat
Kimbrough, Jr.” Ancestry.com.
4. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
5. Heitmann and Morales, p. 28.
6. THE UNITED STATES
vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
7. World
War I draft registration card for Lemon Alto Lott, serial no. 130, order no.
2556, Local Board Morgan County, Alabama.
8. 1930 United States Census. West Side Hartselle Precinct,
Morgan County, Alabama. digital image s.v. “Leman Alto Lott.” Ancestry.com.
9. THE UNITED STATES
vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
10. Ibid.
11. 1930 United
States Census. Somerville Precinct, Morgan County, Alabama. digital image s.v.
“John E. Gurley,” Ancestry.com.
INDIANA
1. “$150,000,000 in Cars Stolen in a Year, Survey Reveals,” Daily
News, March 21, 1926, 75, Newspapers.com: The Daily News (New
York, NY).
2. “Confessions of an Automobile Thief,” Your
Car: A Magazine of Romance, Fact, and Fiction, June 1925, 34-36.
3. 1930 United
States Census. Pigeon Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“Otto Biemiller,” Ancestry.com.
4. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
5. “Confessions of an Automobile Thief.”
6. Heitmann and Morales, p. 12.
7. Ibid, 14.
8. Union Depot -
Historic Railroad Images, “Evansville & Princeton Traction - 1905 Era –
Advertisement,” Flickr, August 19, 2012.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/82856031@N04/17602636856.
9. Heitmann and Morales, p. 28.
10. THE UNITED STATES
vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929), 8034 Indictment for the Violation of the
National Motor Vehicle Theft Act – United States District Court (Northeast
Division of the Northern District of Alabama 1929).
11. “Confessions of an Automobile Thief.”
12. Evansville City Directory, Volume 58. (Evansville: Bennett
Directory Co., 1927), 245.
14. THE UNITED STATES
vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
15. Claudette Stager, Looking
beyond the Highway: Dixie Roads and Culture (Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee
Press, 2006), 11-13.
16. Alexander
Johnston, “Stop Thief!” Country Life Magazine: The Automobile, June
1919, 72.
17. György Gyurecz
and Dr. Trent E. Boggess, “A
Technical Examination of the Planetary Transmission of the Ford Model T,” Paper presented
at the Ford T 2008 Conference at Budapest, October 2008.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312190477 _A_Technical_Examination_of_the_Planetary_Transmission_
of_the_Ford_Model_T.
18. Heitmann and Morales, p. 14.
19. “Court Disposes of Some Cases,” Noblesville
Daily Ledger, May 25, 1929, 1, Newspapers.com: Noblesville Daily Ledger.
20. THE UNITED STATES
vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
21. 1930 United
States Census. Pigeon Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“Kenneth McKinney,” Ancestry.com.
22. Ibid.
23. “Backbone of
Huge Auto Ring Broken.” Star Press, October 25, 1925, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Star Press (Muncie, Indiana).
24. 1930 United
States Census. Pigeon Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“William Ragsdale,” Ancestry.com.
25. Board of
Commissioners Vanderburgh County, Ferry License and Fee Schedule.
26. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
27. Heitmann and
Morales, p. 16.
28. 1920 United
States Census. Ohio Township, Warrick County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“Elmer Sovercool,” Ancestry.com.
29. “Confessions of an Automobile Thief.”
30. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
31. “Alleged
Members of Auto Theft Gang Arrested,” Tennessean, March 12, 1930, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Tennessean (Nashville, TN).
32. “Auto Theft
Ring in Alabama Uncovered,” Tennessean, April 8, 1928, 2, Newspapers.com:
The Tennessean (Nashville, TN).
33. Donald Smith, telephone interview,
October 9, 2018.
34. THE UNITED STATES
vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
35. 1930 United
States Census. Pigeon Township, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. digital image s.v.
“Archie Peaugh,” Ancestry.com.
TENNESSEE
1. Heitmann and Morales, p. 28.
2. Mark McCutcheon,
“Flapperspeak: Dictionary of Words from the 1920’s and 1930’s,” AACA Potpourri
website. https://www. sageandsavant.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/
Flapperspeak.pdf (accessed July 5, 2020).
3. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
ALABAMA
1. 1930
United States Census. Cluttsville Precinct, Madison County, Alabama. digital
image s.v. “Jessie Sanderson,” Ancestry.com.
2. “History Timeline and Types of Automotive Paint,”
Eastwood.
https://garage.eastwood.com/eastwood-chatter/history-timeline-and-types-of-automotive-paint/
(accessed July 2, 2020).
3. “Huntsville Auto
Dealers Held As Theft Ring Heads,” Tuscaloosa News, April 9, 1928, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Tuscaloosa News.
4. “Uncover Band of Motor Robbers,” Hartselle
Enterprise, April 12, 1928, 1, Morgan County Archives: The Hartselle
Enterprise.
5. “Auto Theft
Ring in Alabama Uncovered,” Tennessean, April 8, 1928, 2, Newspapers.com:
The Tennessean.
6. “South-wide
Auto Theft Ring Bared, Detective Thinks,” Anniston Star, April 9, 1928,
2, Newspapers.com: The Anniston Star.
9. “More
Automobiles Expect to Be Recovered,” Decatur Daily, April 9, 1928, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Decatur Daily.
10. “South-wide
Auto Theft Ring Bared, Detective Thinks.”
11. “Auto Theft
Ring in Alabama Uncovered.”
12. “Hiding Place for Autos Found in
Hartselle,” Huntsville Daily Times, April 8, 1928, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Huntsville Daily Times.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid, 1, 8.
15. Ibid, 8.
17.
“43 Stolen Cars
Are Recovered,” Huntsville Times, April 9, 1928, 8, Newspapers.com: The
Huntsville Times.
18. “Day is
Expected to Yield Police Additional Cars,” Decatur Daily, April 10, 1928,
1, Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
19. “Jazz Age Lexicon,” The Roaring
‘20s: The Decade That Changed America, April 19, 2020, 36, Time
Incorporated Books: Kensington Media Group.
20. “Alleged Auto
Theft Ring Leader is Held,” Montgomery Advertiser, May 19, 1928, 3, Newspapers.com:
The Montgomery Advertiser.
21. Heitmann and Morales, p. 23.
22. “Howard Smith is Placed in Jail in
Madison County,” Decatur Daily, April 9, 1928. Newspapers.com: The
Decatur Daily.
23. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
24. “43 Stolen
Autos Charged to Ring,” Tennessean, May 20, 1928, 16, Newspapers.com:
The Tennessean (Nashville, Tennessee).
25. “Federal Judicial
Center,” Huntsville, Alabama (1890) | Federal Judicial Center.
https://www.fjc.gov/history/courthouse/
huntsville-alabama-1890.
26. THE UNITED STATES
vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
27. “Uncover Band of Motor Robbers.”
28. Heitmann and Morales, p. 28.
29. “Uncover Band of Motor Robbers.”
30. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
31. Ibid.
32. Heitmann and Morales, p. 28.
33. THE UNITED
STATES vs. HOWARD SMITH (1928).
34. Ibid.
GEORGIA
1. The
Big House. Directed by Scott Paddor. Los Angeles: Greystone
Communications, Inc. for The History Channel, 1998.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. “For a Carton
of Fags,” Atlanta Constitution, May 31, 1928, 17, Newspapers.com: The
Atlanta Constitution.
8. Ibid.
10. Basil Manly, “Mrs. Mabel
Willebrandt Directs Investigation,” Atlanta Constitution, October 3, 1928, 8, Newspapers.com: The
Atlanta Constitution.
11. “Commodore
Feds Are 24-0 Victors,” Atlanta Constitution, October 28, 1929, 14,
Newspapers.com: The Atlanta Constitution.
12. “Tubby’s Team
Beats Federals,” Atlanta Constitution, November 4, 1929, 11,
Newspapers.com: The Atlanta Constitution.
13. Arne K. Lang, Prizefighting:
An American History. (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland Publishing, Incorporated),
58.
14. “Ted Goodrich
Meets Cooper at Auditorium,” Atlanta Constitution, January 7, 1930, 19,
Newspapers.com: The Atlanta Constitution.
CALIFORNIA
1. “Trio of Cars
Are Returned,” Decatur Daily, April 10, 1928, 1, Newspapers.com: The
Decatur Daily.
2. “43 Stolen Cars
Are Recovered,” Huntsville Times, April 9, 1928, 8, Newspapers.com: The
Huntsville Times.
3. THE UNITED STATES
vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
4. Ibid.
5. “Wholesaler in
Auto Thefts Sought Here,” Honolulu Advertiser, February 21, 1930, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Honolulu Advertiser.
6. Malolo [FLYING
FISH], “the giant yacht that brings hawaii thirty six hours nearer,” Magazine
advertisement, 1928.
7. “History:
Matson’s Contributions to Hawaii,” Matson Ocean Shipping, Truck, Rail &
Logistics. https://www.matson.com/corporate /about_us/history.html, (accessed
July 2, 2020).
8. “SS Malolo.”
Hawaiian Time Machine: Views of Hawaii Through the Distorting Lens of Time.
August 9, 2010. http://hawaiiantimemachine.blogspot.com/2010/08/ss-malolo.html.
9. Malolo [FLYING
FISH] advertisement.
10. “Howard Smith is Placed in Jail in
Madison County,” Decatur Daily, April 9, 1928. Newspapers.com: The
Decatur Daily.
11. “Arrivals,” Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, May 24, 1928, 16, Newspapers.com: The Honolulu
Star-Bulletin.
HAWAII
1. James Mak, “Creating ‘Paradise of the
Pacific’: How Tourism Began in Hawaii.” The Economic Research Organization at
the University of Hawaii. February 3, 2015, 47, https://uhero.
hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/WP_2015-1.pdf.
2. Ibid, 48.
3. “Schofield Barracks,” Fortwiki.com,
January 7, 2019. http://www.fortwiki.com/Schofield_Barracks.
4. Kingseed, Cole C., “Patton’s
Hawaiian Ordeal: Even a Legend Can Learn from His Mistakes,” Association of the
United States Army, April 20, 2015. https://www.ausa.org/articles/patton
%E2%80%99s-hawaiian-ordeal-even-legend-can-learn-his-mistakes.
5. “Wholesaler in
Auto Thefts Sought Here,” Honolulu Advertiser, February 21, 1930, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Honolulu Advertiser.
6. Ibid.
7. Gary Haynes, “Remembering the ‘Quads’ at
Schofield Barracks,” The Taro Leaf 2.0. January 16, 2018.
http://www.24thtaroleaf.com/
all-features/remembering-the-quads-at-schofield-barracks.
8. “Wholesaler in
Auto Thefts Sought Here,” 2.
9. Ibid.
10. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
11. “Cox and Moore
Going to Coast with Prisoners,” Honolulu Advertiser, February 26, 1930,
5, Newspapers.com: The Honolulu Advertiser.
12. “Two Prisoners
Are on Way to Mainland,” Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 26, 1930, 28,
Newspapers.com: The Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
14. “Fugitive Was
Long Sought,” Huntsville Times, March 10, 1930, 10, Newspapers.com: The
Huntsville Times.
ALABAMA
1. “Fugitive Was
Long Sought,” Huntsville Times, March 10, 1930, 10, Newspapers.com: The
Huntsville Times.
2. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
3. THE UNITED
STATES vs. WILLIAM NORMAN SMITH (1929).
GEORGIA
1. “Hoover Again Urges Action on Enforcement Program,” Atlanta
Constitution, April 29, 1930, 15, Newspapers.com: The
Atlanta Constitution.
2. Roy Gardner and Tom Ryan, Roy
Gardner: My Story; Hellcatraz (San Francisco: Douglas/Ryan Communication,
2000), 27.
ALABAMA
1. 1930 United States Census. Hartselle
Precinct, Morgan County, Alabama. digital image s.v. “Joseph A. Speegle,” Ancestry.com.
2. Alabama State Highway Department, General Highway
and Transportation Map: Morgan County, Alabama. Map. Montgomery: State-Wide
Highway Planning Survey, 1937. From U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Public Roads. http://cartweb.geography.ua.edu (accessed July 3, 2020).
3. 1930
United States Census. Hartselle Precinct, Morgan County, Alabama. digital image
s.v. “Carrie A. Speegle,” Ancestry.com.
4. “Motorist Killed on Bee Line. Another Seriously Hurt
As Car is Demolished,” Newspaper Clippings from The Cullman, Alabama Democrat,
ed. Robin Sterling. (Cullman, AL: Lulu.com, 2017), 339.
5. “Two Stills Captured by Sheriff’s Force,” in Newspaper
Clippings from The Cullman, Alabama Democrat, ed. Robin Sterling.
(Cullman, AL: Lulu.com, 2017), 121.
6. Betty Lindsay
Taylor, ed., Louisville & Nashville Railroad Book: Agriculture &
Industry. (Athens, AL: Limestone County Archives), 71.
7. “Mistrial Ends
Court Hearing at Hartselle,” Decatur Daily, May 3, 1929, 1, Morgan
County Archives: The Decatur Daily.
8. Ibid.
9. “Cullman Girl
Marries in Akron on Tuesday,” Newspaper Clippings from The Cullman, Alabama Democrat,
ed. Robin Sterling. (Cullman, AL: Lulu.com, 2017), 397.
OHIO
1. “A Brief
History of the AC&Y,” Akron Canton & Youngstown Historical Society. https://www.acyhs.org/ACY Brief_History.php
(accessed July 4, 2020).
3. Vicki Baum, The Weeping Wood. (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday
Publishing).
4. “Facts About Akron: The City of Opportunity,” Wingfoot
Clan, October 8, 1930, University of Akron: Archival Services.
6. “Zeppelin
Industry Places Akron in World Spotlight,” Akron Beacon Journal, January
1, 1930, 25, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
7. “Facts About
Akron: The City of Opportunity.”
8. Knepper,
114-16.
9. “People Along a Parade Route on
South Main Street,” Summit Historical Society, October 6, 2009.
https://www.summit memory.org/digital/collection/building/id/462/rec361.
10.
1930 United States Census. Akron, Summit County, Ohio. digital image s.v.
“Clarence Dyer,” Ancestry.com.
11. “Clarence Dyer in the U.S., School
Yearbooks, 1900-1999.” Akron: Municipal University of Akron, 1927. Ancestry.com.
12. “East Akron Smoker
Has Eight Battles,” Akron Beacon Journal, September 24, 1930, 21,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
13. “Four-Round Bouts
on Beach Program,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 11, 1930, 28,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
14. “East Akron Smoker
Has Eight Battles.”
16. “Fall
Celebration Plans Completed,” Akron Beacon Journal, September 22, 1930,
9, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
18. “Jazz Age Lexicon,” 36.
21. Arne K. Lang, 108.
22. “Festival Enjoyed by East Akronites.”
23. “Smith Stops Kerns in East Akron Show,” Akron
Beacon Journal, September 26, 1930, 41, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
24. Ibid.
25. “Smith Boxes Ehret in Headline Fight,” Akron
Beacon Journal, October 1, 1930, 19, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
26. “Smith Kayoes Cleveland Foe,” Akron Beacon
Journal, October 9, 1930, 29, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
27. Arne K. Lang, 90.
28. “Battling Bash in Fight with Smith,” Akron Beacon
Journal, October 7, 1930, 28, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
32. 1930 United States Census. Akron,
Summit County, Ohio. digital image s.v. “Michael H. Schuster,” Ancestry.com.
33. “Smith Tangles With Schuster,” October 21, 1930, 25, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
34. “Plenty of Dynamite,” Wingfoot Clan, October 8, 1930, University of
Akron: Archival Services.
35. “Want
Heavyweight,” Wingfoot Clan, October 8, 1930, University of Akron:
Archival Services.
36. “Goodyear Has
Fight Program,” Akron Beacon Journal, October 7, 1930, 29,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
39. “Bumbo Myers
Faces Primo at Massillon,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 5, 1930, 16,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
40. “Jazz Age Lexicon,” 36.
41. “One Kayo Features Goodyear Program,” Akron Beacon
Journal, October 13, 1930, 25, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
43. “Pat Smith
Defeats Cambridge Battler,” Akron Beacon Journal, October 16, 1930, 27,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
44. “Large
Supplies of Liquor Found by Akron Police,” Akron Beacon Journal, September
12, 1930, 35, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
45. “Police Say
Anonymous Tips Often Reflect Only Gossip,” Akron Beacon Journal, July
26, 1930, 13, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
46. Akron Official City Directory, Volume 50. (Akron: Burch Directory Co.,
1931), 413.
47. “Jazz Age Lexicon,” 36.
48. Maud Opal Smith,
In-person interview by the author, Akron, Ohio, 1992.
49. 1930 United States Census. Akron, Summit County, Ohio.
digital image s.v. “Laird Street,” Ancestry.com.
50. Ibid.
53. Arne K. Lang,
50.
57. “Smith Tangles With Schuster,” October
21, 1930, 25, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
61. Campbell,
Jimmy, In-person interview with the author, Kenmore, Ohio, 1987.
63. Maud Opal
Smith, interview.
64. “Smith Seeking Kayo Over George Wilson,” Akron
Beacon Journal, October 27, 1930, 26, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
67. “Tire
Inventories Show Reduction,” Akron Beacon Journal, February 22, 1930,
17, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
68. “Goodyear
Plant Institutes Four Six-Hour Shifts.”
70. Ibid.
71. “Pat Smith Battles
Barberton Ringman,” Akron Beacon Journal, November 3, 1930, 20,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
72. “Pat Smith
Kayoes Chick Sutterfield,” Akron Beacon Journal, November 6, 1930, 28,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
74. “Cambridge Battler Goes Against Smith,” Akron
Beacon Journal, November 7, 1930, 39, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
75. “Christie Stops McGee in Three,” Akron Beacon
Journal, November 8, 1930, 16, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
77. “Christy, Smith on Armory Bill,” Akron Beacon
Journal, November 12, 1930, 19, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
79. “Smith Tops Christy in Armory Main Go.”
80. Michael C. DeLisa, Cinderella Man (Wrea Green,
United Kingdom: Milo Books, 2005), 25.
81. Arne K. Lang, 63.
83. Elizabeth Corbin Murphy, “Firestone Tire and Rubber
Company,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, National Park
Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 2013, page 6. NPS Form 10-900 (accessed
July 11, 2020).
86. Sherwood Kessell, “Colonial
Salt Company, South of Akron, Ohio,” Postcard, 1910.
87. “Dick Power,” BoxRec, https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/40096 (accessed
July 11, 2020).
88. Ibid.
89. “Heavyweight Fighters Top Firestone Boxing Smoker.”
90. Jim Schlemmer, “When Tom Farr Fought in Akron British Champ in Nonskid
Ring Fear of Law Leads to His Alias,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 28,
1937, 14, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
91. “Palmer and Smith Meet,” Akron Times-Press,
repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
92. Douglas Ward, “The Complete History of Boxing Equipment,” Title Boxing,
https://www.titleboxing.com/history-of-boxing-equipment#:~:text=Heavy%20bags%20were%20originally
%20constructed,gloves)%2C%20sand%20or%20grains.
93. “Heavies Adorn Fight Program,” Akron Beacon Journal, November 18,
1930, 26, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
95. “Simon Pure Boxers to Attract Crowds,” Akron
Beacon Journal, November 19, 1930, 19, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
96. “Jess Callwall
Kayoes Smith,” Akron Beacon Journal, November 21, 1930, 34, Newspapers.com:
The Akron Beacon Journal.
97. Ibid.
98. 1920 United
States Census. Montgomery Ward 6, Montgomery County, Alabama. digital image
s.v. “Jesse Caldwell,” Ancestry.com.
99. Jeffrey Sussman, Boxing and the Mob. (New York:
Rowman & Littlefield, 2019), 55.
100. Summit County, Ohio. Marriage certificate no. 72210
(1933), Calwell-Brantley; Summit County Probate Court. Ancestry.com.
101. 1920 United
States Census, “Jesse Caldwell.”
NEW YORK
2. Colleen Aycock
and Mark Scott, Tex Rickard: Boxing’s Greatest Promoter. (Jefferson,
N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc.), 165.
3. “Madison Square
Garden: Inter-City Amateur Boxing,” Promotional advertisement, Daily News, November
23, 1930, 74, Newspapers.com: Daily News.
*121[“Intercity
Amateur Bouts in Garden,” Brooklyn Citizen, November 22, 1930, 6,
Newspapers.com: The Brooklyn Citizen.]
6. “Semi-Finals
and Finals for Boxers,” Sterling Daily Gazette, November 26, 1930, 10,
Newspapers.com: Sterling Daily Gazette (Sterling, Illinois).
7. “Amateur Boxers
to Finish Their Tourney in Garden Tonight,” Brooklyn Citizen, November
26, 1930, 6, Newspapers.com: The Brooklyn Citizen.
8. “Smith Returns
to Akron Ring,” Akron Beacon Journal, December 5, 1930, 32,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
OHIO
2. “Callwall [sic] Meets Christy Friday,” Akron
Beacon Journal, November 26, 1930, 16, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
3. D.D. Degg, “First and
Last – Buck Rogers Comic Strip,” The Daily Cartoonist, January 6, 2019.
https://www.dailycartoonist.com
/index.php/2019/01/06/first-and-last-buck-rogers-comic-strip/.
4. “Firestone
Fight Card Saturday Will Again Features Big Fellows,” Akron Beacon Journal, December
4, 1930, 28, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
5. “Pittsburg
Boy Battles Smith,” Akron Beacon Journal, December
2, 1930, 29, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
6. “Smith Returns to Akron Ring.”
7. “Action Galore on Firestone’s Boxing
Card But No Knockouts,” Akron Beacon Journal, December 8, 1930, 19, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
8. Maud
Opal Smith, interview.
9.
James W.
Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, December
26, 1930, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
11. “Gorilla Jones Gets Kayo on Charity Card,” Evening Independent, December
27, 1930, 6, Newspapers.com: The Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio).
12. Schlemmer,
“Jones Stops Clyde in Armory Feature,” 16.
13. “Pat Smith
Kayoes Alliance Opponent,” Akron Beacon Journal, December 31, 1930, 12,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
14. “France
Stopped by Akron Boxer,” Evening Independent, December 31, 1930, 9,
Newspapers.com: The Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio).
15. Ibid.
16. “Pat Smith
Kayoes Alliance Opponent,” 12.
19. Howard Wolf,
“40-Hour Week Scale Starts at Goodyear,” Akron Beacon Journal, January
5, 1931, 1, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
22. Ibid.
26. “Pat Smith Has
Technical Kayo Over Tom Norris at Firestone,” Akron Beacon Journal, January
12, 1931, 16, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
34. “Grunters Add
Color to Boxing Program at Firestone Saturday,” Akron Beacon Journal, February
27, 1931, 33, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
36. “Boxing,
Wrestling, Contests Feature Nonskid Card Tonight,” Akron Beacon Journal, March
14, 1931, 15, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
37. “Zeke Jones
Kayoes Rip Shirey in Feature on Firestone Card,” Akron Beacon Journal, March
16, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
38. “Killed as
Auto on Grease Rack Overturns,” Hamilton Evening Journal, August 12,
1931, 1, Newspapers.com: The Hamilton Evening Journal.
PENNSYLVANIA
1. “Boxer George
Chip – New Castle PA,” Lawrence County Memoirs, August 5, 2011.
http://www.lawrencecountymemoirs.com/
lcmpages/203/boxer-george-chip-new-castle-pa.
3. “Boxer George Chip
– New Castle PA.”
4. Ibid.
5. “Sam Cohen vs.
K.O. Kitts,” Promotional boxing poster, New Castle Bowl, March 16, 1931.
Newspapers.com: The New Castle News.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
10. “Stanton to Box Joe Sekyra Here, Fritz Otto Wants to Battle
Smith,” New
Castle News, March 18, 1931, 16, Newspapers.com: The New Castle News.
11. “Dime Says Otto Can Beat Smith,” New
Castle News, March 19, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com: The New Castle News.
12. Ed Fritz, “Here and There in Sports
Land,” New Castle News, March 20, 1931, 28, Newspapers.com: The New
Castle News.
13. Ibid.
15. “Jones-Wellsby, Kitts-Smith Top
Firestone Biff Card Saturday,” Akron Beacon Journal, March 24, 1931,
25, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
17. “Sheeks Books
Strong Menu,” Akron Beacon Journal, March 25, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com:
The Akron Beacon Journal.
18. “Smith-Kitts
Draw, Wellsby Has Edge on Jones on Nonskid Card,” Akron Beacon Journal, March
30, 1931, 19, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
19. “Fritz Otto to
Arrive Wednesday,” New Castle News, March 24, 1931, 21, Newspapers.com:
The New Castle News.
20. “Anxious to
See Heavies Clash,” New
Castle News, March 27, 1931, 32,
Newspapers.com: The New Castle News.
21. “Otto to Oppose Akron Heavyweight,” New
Castle News, March 30, 1931, 18, Newspapers.com:
The New Castle News.
22. Mark McCutcheon,
“Flapperspeak: Dictionary of Words from the 1920’s and 1930’s.”
24. “Late Sports
News,” Evening News, May 21, 1931, 16, Newspapers.com: The Evening News
(Wilkes-Barre, PA).
OHIO
2. “Three
Six-Rounders Will Head Firestone Fight Card Saturday,” Akron Beacon Journal,
April 6, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
6. Joe Williams,
“Joe Roske Stops Pat Smith in Thriller at Nonskid Biff Show,” Akron Beacon
Journal, April 13, 1931, 24, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
7. Ibid.
9. “Roske—Smith
Rematch Interests Firestone Ring Show Followers,” Akron Beacon Journal, April
17, 1931, 38, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. “Roske—Smith
Battle Continued One Week,” Akron Beacon Journal, April 21, 1931, 27,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
13. James W.
Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, April 23, 1931, 26,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
14. Ibid.
15. “Joe Roske
Hopes to Stop Reed in Maglione Feature,” Akron Beacon Journal, April 29,
1931, 21, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
16. James W.
Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, April 25, 1931, 15,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
17. Ibid.
18. “Pep” Sheeks,
“Joe Roske—Pat Smith Rematch for May 2nd,” Akron Times-Press,
May 2, 1931, Akron-Summit County Public Library: Special Collections.
19. “Triple Windup
Card Ends Firestone Fight Season,” Akron Beacon Journal, May 2, 1931,
15, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Joe Williams,
“Epidemic of Draws Marks Close of Nonskid Shows,” Akron Beacon Journal, May
4, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
28. “Yarrish [sic] Scores KO in
Clarksburg Ring,” Akron Beacon Journal, May 16, 1931, 15,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
29. “Smith Battles
Yarsh, Then Meets Roske at Firestone.”
30. “Nine Bouts on Firestone Closing Indoor Biff Show,” Akron
Beacon Journal, May 16, 1931, 15, Newspapers.com: The
Akron Beacon Journal.
34. “Roske Works
with Strib Today; Has St. Louis Fight on June 15,” Akron Beacon Journal, June
3, 1931, 18, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
35. James W.
Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 3, 1931, 18,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
36. Ibid.
37. “Stribling-Schmeling
Sparring Sidelights,” Coshocton Tribune, June 4, 1931, 9,
Newspapers.com: The Coshocton Tribune.
38. James W. Schlemmer, “Joe Roske Bloodies Stribling in
Drill Work at Geauga Lake,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 4, 1931, 27,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
PENNSYLVANIA
1. “Conneaut Lake Park,” Wikipedia, May 8,
2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conneaut_Lake_Park.
2.
“Stribling-Schmeling Sparring Sidelights.”
3. Ibid.
4. Hy C. Ruffner,
“Cohen Will Train with Title-Holder,” Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, June 6,
1931, 5, Newspapers.com: Lancaster Eagle-Gazette (Lancaster, Ohio).
5. “Looking
Backward Revives Names of ‘Former Greats,’” New Castle News, June 9,
1931, 18, Newspapers.com: The New Castle News.
OHIO
3. James W.
Schlemmer, “Goodyear Prepares for Crowd of 9,000,” Akron Beacon Journal, June
3, 1931, 17, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. PeriscopeFilm,
“1931 American Championship Soccer Match Akron Ohio,” YouTube video,
4:08. June 7, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmUZsii6gDk.
7. “Draw Decisions
Are Barred at Firestone Boxing Show,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 11,
1931, 26, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
8. James W.
Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 12, 1931, 32,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
10. “Stribling
Shows at 8 O’clock on Firestone Program Tonight,” Akron Beacon Journal, June
13, 1931, 14, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
11. Joe Williams,
“Poor Decisions Keep Firestone Fight Show from Being Perfect,” Akron Beacon
Journal, June 15, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
12. Ibid.
14. “Medallion from NFL’s First Champions,”
Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site, September 29, 2010.
https://www.profootballhof.com/news/medallion-from-nfl-s-first-champions/.
15. “Pro Football’s Great Day Arrives
with Big Game in Akron,” Akron Beacon Journal, November 25, 1920, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
16. Schlemmer,
“Taking the Count,” June 12, 1931.
19. “Smith Will
Try to Avenge K.O. in Meeting with Jess Caldwell,” Akron Beacon Journal, June
19, 1931, 32, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
21. “Stribling
Sinks Sparring Mate for First Kayo,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 22,
1931, 6, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
22. “Pat Smith,
Eddie Simms Head Firestone Biff Card,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 23,
1931, 24, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
23. Ibid.
24. “Smith Battles
Eddie Simms in Nonskid Feature Tonight,” Akron Beacon Journal, June 27,
1931, 15, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
25. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. “Schmeling vs.
Stribling,” Akron Beacon Journal, Promotional boxing poster, Madison
Square Garden Corporation, July 3, 1931. Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
30. “Nonskid Fans
See and Hear,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 3, 1931, 10, Newspapers.com:
The Akron Beacon Journal.
31. “Schmeling
Victor on Technical K.O.,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 4, 1931, 2,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
32. “Schmeling
Wins by Knockout,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 4, 1931, 1, Newspapers.com:
The Akron Beacon Journal.
33. Ibid, 2.
34. Ibid, 1.
35. James W.
Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 6, 1931, 16,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
36. Schlemmer,
“Taking the Count,” Akron Beacon Journal, July 13, 1931, 17, Newspapers.com:
The Akron Beacon Journal.
37. Ibid.
38. “Herman,
Christner Split Grows As They Manage Rival Heavies,” Akron Beacon Journal, July
10, 1931, 25, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
39. Ibid.
41. “First Lady to
Christen Akron,” Wingfoot Clan, October 8, 1930, 1, University of Akron:
Archival Services.
45. C.W. Howard, “Navy Polishes Up Uniforms, Awaits
Christening of Zepp,” Akron Beacon Journal, August 7, 1931, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
48. Ibid.
49. Ethel Myers,
“Smiling First Lady Feted by Women,” Akron Beacon Journal, August 8,
1931, 1, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
50. Mark Price, Lost Akron (Charleston,
SC: The History Press, 2015), 151.
51. “‘First Lady’ Gets Ovation of
Multitude,” Akron Beacon Journal, August 8, 1931, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
52. William T. Shenkel in Akron-Times
Press, qtd. in Mark Price. Lost Akron (Charleston, SC: The History
Press, 2015), 152.
53. Marshall, 115.
54. “Pat Smith, Eddie
Simms Pushed for Main Honors at Firestone,” Akron Beacon Journal, August
4, 1931, 21, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
57. Ibid.
59. “Outdoor Card at
Firestone: Heavies Headline Eight-Bout Chart Tonight,” Unsourced newspaper
clipping. August 7, 1931, Copy
in possession of author.
60. “Rentals: Apartments Furnished,” Akron Beacon Journal, August 8, 1931, 20, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
61. Birth
Certificate for Pat Jr. Smith, 30 September 1931, File No. 25292, West Virginia
Department of Health. Certified copy in possession of author.
62. 1930 United States
Census. District of Salt Lick, Braxton County, West Virginia. digital image
s.v. “Mae V. Brown,” Ancestry.com.
63. 1930 United States
Census. District of Salt Lick, Braxton County, West Virginia. digital image
s.v. “Paul Davis,” Ancestry.com.
64. Birth
Certificate for Pat Jr. Smith.
65. Joe Williams,
“Christner, Fitzsimmons in Armory Fight Next Tuesday,” Akron Beacon Journal,
September 23, 1931, 18, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
66. “Pat Smith Battles Merriner at Falls,” Akron Beacon Journal, September
30, 1931, 14, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
67. James W.
Schlemmer, “Christner Has Thin Margin Over Brown,” Akron Beacon Journal, September
30, 1931, 14, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
68. “Pat Smith
Fights on Card at Falls,” Akron Beacon Journal, October 2, 1931, 36,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
70. Ruth H. Basner, Yesteryears (Virginia Beach: Donning
Company Publishers, 1996), 115.
71. “Burns,
Perroni Top Biff Show,” Akron Beacon Journal, October 13, 1931, 25,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
72. Donald Smith, telephone interview,
October 9, 2018.
73. DeLisa, 81.
74. “Perroni Faces Veteran Burns in Canton Ring,”
Evening Independent, October 16, 1931,
18, Newspapers.com: The Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio).
75. “Pat Shows Good Left Hand and Wins Every Round,” Evening
Independent, October 17, 1931, 8, Newspapers.com: The Evening Independent
(Massillon, Ohio).
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. “Firestone Has
Opening Card,” Akron Beacon Journal, November 7, 1931, 12,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
WEST VIRGINIA
OHIO
3. James W. Schlemmer, “Taking the Count,” Akron
Beacon Journal, December 7, 1931, 26, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
4. Ray C. Sutliff,
“4 New Names Seen on City’s Boxing Board,” Akron Beacon Journal, December
17, 1931, 15, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
5. James W. Schlemmer, “Will Control Akron Boxing After
Jan. 1,” Akron Beacon Journal, December 17, 1931, 23, Newspapers.com:
The Akron Beacon Journal.
6. “Clarence Dyer
Again Manages Pat Smith,” Akron Beacon Journal, January 13, 25, 1932,
17, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
8. Ibid.
9. “Alabama Kid
and Fabiano Battle in Canton Tonight,” The Daily Times, February 1,
1932, 6, Newspapers.com: The Daily Times (New Philadelphia, Ohio).
10. “Fabiano in
K.O. Victory,” The Daily Times, February 2, 1932, 3, Newspapers.com: The
Daily Times (New Philadelphia, Ohio).
11. “Four
Heavyweight Battles on Nonskid Boxing Program,” Akron Beacon Journal, February
9, 1932, 18, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
12. “Firestone Has
Fistic Program,” Akron Beacon Journal, February 13, 1932, 13,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
15. [Title
missing], Akron Times-Press, February 15, 1932, Akron-Summit County
Library: Special Collections.
17. “Sheeks Will
Permit No Stalling,” Akron Beacon Journal, February 23, 1932, 30,
Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
18. “Three Warren
Fighters Appear on Nonskid Biff Card Saturday,” Akron Beacon Journal, February
24, 1932, 22, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
20. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. “Jazz Age Lexicon,” 36.
27. Fred J.
Becker, “Packed House to Cheer Jack Dempsey in Akron Exhibition Thursday
Night,” Evening Independent, March 9, 1932, 10, Newspapers.com: The
Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio).
29. Ibid.
30. “Jack
Dempsey’s Flu Grows as Gate Receipts Diminish,” Akron Beacon Journal, March
14, 1932, 22, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
34. Francis J.
Powers, “Jack Dempsey’s First Tour Grosses $477,560—So He Decides to Start
Another,” Akron Beacon Journal, January 6, 1932, 14, Newspapers.com: The
Akron Beacon Journal.
35. Mark McCutcheon,
“Flapperspeak: Dictionary of Words from the 1920’s and 1930’s.”
37. James W.
Schlemmer, “Schmeling Disappoints in Exhibition at Armory,” Akron Beacon
Journal, April 20, 1932, 18, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
38. Ibid.
39. “Lyle-Miller
Draw, Botwell Puts Kayo on Smith in Nonskid Ring,” Akron
Beacon Journal, April 25, 1932, 22, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
41. Ibid.
42. “History,” Alliance, Ohio.
http://www.cityofalliance.com /254/History (accessed July 22, 2020).
43.
“Pat Smith Subs for Frank Mastako and Knocks Out Al Muir,” Akron Times-Press,
August 11, 1932, Akron-Summit County Library: Special Collections.
44.
Ibid.
45.
Ibid.
46.
“Pat Smith, Chuck Coates Top Falls Biff Card Friday Night,” Akron Beacon Journal, August 29, 1932, 17, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
47. “Two Women Battle on Alliance
Card,” Akron Beacon Journal, August 30, 1932,
23, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
52. “Lou Scozza Beaten by Max Rosenbloom,” Akron
Beacon Journal, September 30, 1932, 32, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
53. Bob Husted, “The Referee,” Dayton
Herald, December 23, 1932, 28, Newspapers.com: The Dayton Herald.
54. “Amateur Boxers on Junior Order Card,” Akron
Beacon Journal, December 26, 1932, 14, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon
Journal.
WEST VIRGINIA
1. elgiven50,
“Richwood West Virginia: The Glory Days,” YouTube video, 3:39, November 21,
2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk5z4gxk7Rc.
2. Ed Given. “Once Upon a Time in Richwood
West Virginia.” YouTube vid, 6:39. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
jAygDWsdUlk.
5. 1930 United
States Census, “Thomas L. Spaur.”
6. Howard Smith to
Maud Davis, telegram, January 2, 1933, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
7. Howard Smith to
Maud Davis, telegram, January 13, 1933, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
10. World
War I draft registration card for Lonzo B. Smith, serial no. 150, order no.
1337, Local Board Nicholas County, West Virginia.
11. Howard Smith
to Maud Davis, telegram, January 28, 1933, repository of author, Massillon,
Ohio.
ALABAMA
1. Howard Smith to
Maud Davis, telegram, January 28, 1933, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
2. Ibid.
3. “Mistrial Ends
Court Hearing at Hartselle,” Decatur Daily.
4. Giles
County, Tennessee. Marriage certificate no. 9409 (1935), Sanders-Martin, Clerk
of the County Court, Lynchburg.
5. “Roosevelt Sees Early Action by Congress to Operate the
Shoals,” Decatur Daily,
January 21, 1933, 1, Newspapers.com: Decatur Daily.
VIRGINIA
1. Mattson,
Alexander and Associates, “Historic Architectural Survey: Clifton Forge,
Virginia,” Virginia Department of Historic Resources, December 12, 1994, 17.
https://www.dhr.virginia .gov/pdf_files/Special Collections/AY-018_Historic_AH_
Survey_Clifton_Forge_1994_MAAI_report.pdf.
ALABAMA
2. 1930
United States Census, “Carrie A. Speegle.”
3. “William Norman Atkins,” Alabama State Convict Records,
Morgan County. Tr. Book 93, Page 488.
4. “Busy Week Ends in Circuit Court Here Thursday,” Decatur
Daily, October 20, 1933, 1, Newspapers.com: The Decatur Daily.
6. “10 Morgan
Prisoners to Start Sentences,” Huntsville Times, October 25, 1933, 1,
Newspapers.com: The Huntsville Times.
7. Donna Causey, “List of Cotton Mills
in Alabama with [1910 photographs and film].” Alabama Pioneers,
https://www.alabamapioneers.com/early-cotton-mills-in-alabama/ (accessed
September 26, 2020).
8. Ibid.
9. “Speigner Riot Investigation is Not
Advised,” Dothan Eagle, October 25, 1932, 1, Newspers.com: The Dothan Eagle.
10. “History of the ADOC,” Alabama
Department of Corrections. http://www.doc.alabama.gov/History (accessed
September 26, 2020).
WEST VIRGINIA
2. “Charleston
Battlers on Richwood Program,” Charleston Daily Mail, November 11, 1933,
5, Newspapers.com: The Charleston Daily Mail.
3. 1930 United States Census. Ripley
District, Jackson County, West Virginia. digital image s.v. “John V.
Chancey,” Ancestry.com.
5. “Ripley Boxer
Loses in Richwood Legion Show,” Charleston Daily Mail, November 12,
1933, 9, Newspapers.com: The Charleston Daily Mail.
6. Michael C.
DeLisa, 95.
7. “Passing the Legacy to Future
Generations,” Civilian Conservation Corps Legacy, 2018.
http://www.ccclegacy.org/home.php.
8. “Dixon Gains
Technical K.O. Over Schmidt in Feature of Amateur Boxing Bill,” Bluefield
Daily Telegraph, March 20, 1934, 6, Newspapers.com: Bluefield Daily
Telegraph.
10. Chris
DellaMea, “Rhodell,” Coalfields of the Appalachian Mountains,
http://www.coalcampusa.com/sowv/gulf/rhodell/rhodell.htm (accessed July 25,
2020).
16. Ibid.
19. “Amateur
Battles Set for Richwood,” Charleston Daily Mail, December 11, 1933, 10,
Newspapers.com: The Charleston Daily Mail.
20. “Charleston
Amateurs on Richwood Program,” Charleston Daily Mail, December 21, 1933,
10, Newspapers.com: The Charleston Daily Mail.
21. Donald
Richard Smith, telephone interview, September 13, 2018.
22. “Smiley Announces
Ratings of Amateur Mitt Artists of Southern West Virginia,” Bluefield Daily
Telegraph, January 14, 1934, 12, Newspapers.com: Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
23. “Smiley
Working on All Star Card,” Bluefield Daily Telegraph, January 14, 1934,
12, Newspapers.com: The Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
24.
“Dixon-Schmidt, Webb-Mills Bouts Top Monday Program,” Bluefield Daily
Telegraph, March 13, 1934, 8, Newspapers.com: Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Harold Brooks, Area boxing article [archive title clipped],
Webster Springs Republican, 1934.
30. “Charleston
‘Y’ Boxing Team to Meet Richwood Tuesday,” Charleston Daily Mail, 1934,
repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
31. Ibid.
32. Harold Brooks,
“Webster Will Be Well Represented at Boxing Tourney,” Webster Springs
Republican, February 25, 1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
33. “Jazz Age Lexicon,” 36.
34. “Enter Fine Field
for Mitt Tourney,” Bluefield Daily Telegraph, February 26, 1935, 8,
Newspapers.com: Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
37. Ibid.
38. Courtney Fint,
“Camp Caesar,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, National
Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, September 6, 2009, sections 7-8. NPS
Form 10-900 (accessed July 25, 2020).
40. “3 Round
Bouts,” Promotional boxing poster, Webster County Athletic Association, March
1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
41. Ibid.
42.Keith Burge, “Speaking of Sports,” Webster
Springs Echo, March 25, 1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
43. Ibid.
44. Harold Brooks, “Boxing
Hits Webster with a Bang,” Webster Springs Republican, April 8, 1935,
repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
45. Harold Brooks,
“Webster Likes Amateur Boxing,” Webster Springs Republican, April 3,
1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. “Red Negri
to Headline Amateur Show April 23,” Bluefield Daily
Telegraph, April 10, 1935, 8,
Newspapers.com: Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
49. Keith Burge, “Speaking of Sports,” Webster
Springs Echo, April 8, 1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
50. Ibid.
51. Harold Brooks, “Webster Takes Lead in Central State
Boxing,” Webster Springs Republican, April 8, 1935, repository of
author, Massillon, Ohio.
52. Ibid.
53. Harold Brooks,
“Webster Boxers May Meet Eagles,” Webster Springs Republican, April 11,
1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
54. “Smith Matched,” Webster Springs Republican, April
26, 1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
56. “Boxing,”
Promotional boxing poster, Webster County Athletic Association, April 1935,
repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
57. “Webster Springs, West Virginia,”
Wikipedia, February 16, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Webster_Springs,
West_Virginia.
59. Keith Burge, “Speaking of Sports,” Webster
Springs Echo, May 1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
60. “All-Star
Amateur Card,” Webster Springs Echo, May 1935, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
61. “May 30th
Boxing Show Will Include State Amateur Leaders,” Webster Springs Echo, May
1935, repository of
author, Massillon, Ohio.
62. “Biff
Commission to Get Together,” Bluefield Daily
Telegraph, July 26, 1935, 4,
Newspapers.com: Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
63. “First Annual
West Virginia Rhododendron Festival,” Promotional brochure, 1935, repository of
author, Massillon, Ohio.
65. Ibid.
67. “Directions for
Traveling from Tremont, MS to Clarksburg, WV,” Google Maps, accessed July 26,
2020, https://www.google.com
/maps/dir/Tremont,+Mississippi+38876/Clarksburg,+WV/@36.9353966.
68.
Jack Dempsey, Dempsey (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1977),
232-33.
70.
Ibid.
71.
“Ex-Champion Coming Here on July 1st,” Webster Springs Echo, June
1938, repository of
author, Massillon, Ohio.
72.
Michael C. DeLisa,
96.
73. Ibid, 115.
75. Ibid.
76. “Rhododendron
Festival Boxing Show.”
77. Ibid.
EPILOGUE
1. Jim Schlemmer,
“Why Sports Writers Are Wrong,” Akron Beacon Journal, January 24, 1938,
17, Newspapers.com: The Akron Beacon Journal.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. “Hank Hankinson
Found Dead in Gas-Filled Room,” Los Angeles Times, December 27,
1943, 21, Newspapers.com: The Los Angeles
Times.
6. “Amateur Boxing
Show,” Promotional boxing poster, Webster Springs Fire Department (Webster
Springs, West Virginia), April 1, 1940, repository of author, Massillon, Ohio.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
TO VIEW COMPLETE BIBLIOGRAPHY, CLICK "OLDER POSTS" TO THE RIGHT.
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Books Akron Official City Directory. Volume 50. Akron: Burch Directory Co., 1931. Aycock, Colleen and Mark Scott. Tex Rickard: B...
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Epigraph Paul Simon, Bridge over Troubled Water. Columbia Records S 63699, 1968, vinyl lp. ALABAMA 1. Jason Sumich, “It’...
